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Orthodontics notes made easy with high yielding points. You can also watch the whole course on our youtube channel (dental pathshala)
GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
Various authors have described GROWTH in orthodontics as
“The self multiplication of living substance.” (S. Huxley)
Increase in size, change in proportion, and progressive complexity. (Krogman)
An increase in size.” (Todd)
“Entire series of sequential anatomic and physiologic changes taking place from the
“Beginning of prenatal life to senility” (Meridith)
The quantitative aspect of biologic development per unit of time.” (Movers)
Change in any morphological parameter which is measurable.” (Moss)
Development
“Development,” according to Todd, “is progress towards maturity” According to Moyers development refers to all the naturally occurring unidirectional changes in the lite of an individual from its existence as a single cell to its elaboration as a multifunctional unit terminating in death.
Secular trends are the Changes in size and maturation in a large population can be shown to occur with time.
For example, fifteen-year-old boys are approximately 5 inches taller than the same age group 50 years back. Although there is no satisfactory explanation offered regarding this finding, it could possibly be due to changes in socio-economic conditions and food habits.
The rhythm of growth According to Hooton, Human growth is not a steady and uniform process however seems to be a rhythm during the growth process.
The first wave’ of growth is seen in both sexes from birth to the fifth or sixth year it is most intense and rapid during the first two years
Terminates in boys about the tenth to twelfth year and in girls no later than the tenth year.
both sexes enter upon another period of accelerated growth
corresponding to adolescence, which is completed in girls
between the fourteenth and sixteenth year
Following this, a final period of slow growth is seen which ends
between the eighteenth and twentieth years in females but goes
on in boys until about the twenty fifth year.
The second slow-wave
Third accelerated rhythm
The final phase of growth
Growth spurts
periods when a Sudden acceleration of growth occurs. This sudden increase in grow termed growth spurt
Timing of Cranial Base Growth
By Birth 35%of adult size.
By 4-7 yrs 95% of adult size
By 8-13 yrs of age-98% of adult size
Different organs at different rates, to a different amount and at different times.
1. Scammons curve of growth.
2. Cephalo-caudal gradient of growth.
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